Tools:
Anti-Corruption Resources for Health Care: The Anti-Corruption Resource Centre (U4) has descriptions of a variety of industry-specific anti-corruption tools, including National Health Accounts, Public Expenditure Tracking Surveys (PETS), Service Delivery Surveys (SDS), and Report Cards.
There are other health care sector resources available on the U4 website developed by U4 and based on research by Carin Norberg of Transparency International, and later updated by Taryn Vian of Boston University.
TI National Integrity System Surveys: These studies assess the National Integrity System, including health care, in selected countries.
Case Summaries:
Code of Pharmaceutical Marketing Practices by the International Federation of Pharmaceutical Manufacturers and Associations (IFPMA): “Promotion and support of ethical practices” is one of the key principles of the IFPMA and is included in the preamble of the Code. The first version of a "Code of Pharmaceutical Marketing Practices" was created in 1981 and the latest version was introduced in January 2007.
Medicines Transparency Alliance (MeTA): MeTA will work through national and international partners (including DFID, the World Health Organization and Health Action International) to support national efforts to enhance transparency and build capacity in medicines policy, procurement, and supply chain management.
Zambia: Swedish International Development Cooperation Agency (Sida) support to the health sector: 15 collaborating partners (incl. WHO, UNICEF, DFID) signed a MOU in 1999 with the Zambian Ministry of Health outlining the vision of the health sector reform process. Sida (Sweden) leads the project while the Govt. of Zambia is responsible for its implementation.
Health, Nutrition and Population Sector Programme, Bangladesh: Sweden has supported the health sector development of the Government of Bangladesh since 1972. The Health, Nutrition, and Population Sector Programme (HNPSP) aims at improving basic health services to a more cost-effective, equitable, and accessible level.
Malawi: Health sector SWAp: Department For International Development (DFID-UK) leads the project while the Govt. of Malawi is responsible for its implementation. In December 2004, DFID agreed to provide £100 million to the Malawi Government for support to the health sector over a period of six years (2005/6 to 2010/11). DFID is pooling its contribution to the Sector Wide Approach (SWAp) with the World Bank and Norway/Sida. The three main components of the DFID support are an Essential Health package, an Emergency Human Resource Package, and Capacity Building in financial management, procurement, and monitoring and evaluation, among others.
Documents:
Transparency International Global Corruption Report 2006: This book includes expert reports on the risks of corruption in different health care systems in hospital administration, and in the pharmaceutical chain. It also addresses the anti-corruption challenges in the fight against HIV/AIDS.
Governance and Corruption in Public Health Care Systems: Working Paper by Maureen Lewis, Center for Global Development, published in January 2006. This working paper looks at the main challenges in health care delivery in developing countries, including absenteeism, corruption, informal payments, and mismanagement.
Strategies with Regard to Fraud and Corruption in the Health Care System: Paper on guidance for implementation of patient rights by Dr. Bernhard Rupp (Head of Dept. Health Care, Austrian Chamber of Labor), Austrian Network for Transparency in Health Care 2006.
RESOURCES