The workshop represented a joint effort by many people of presenting, discussing and advancing the CBNRM agenda. These people clearly share an emerging view of what CBNRM is all about. Nonetheless, CBNRM often appears as a somewhat vague, unclear and amorphous agenda. This is, to a large extent, a result of the fact that we all work in diverse ecological settings, and are otherwise separated in one way or another, geographically, administratively, culturally, or politically, by discipline, language and/or by subject matter. In spite of this diversity there is, however, unity. We share the conviction that the CBNRM agenda is based on a finite number of value premises, a set of common approaches, and a shared view of the outcome and goal with the overall exercise. Thus, in adapting this framework to the diversity of people, places and settings, we - the participants in the workshop - view the CBNRM agenda to be of universal relevance, across geographical, political and administrative boundaries, across cultural and ethnic boundaries, and across disciplines.