| Grant Profile: |
| Project Title: |
Supporting Post-Conflict Development in Indonesia |
| PCF/LICUS/SPF: |
PCF |
Status: |
Open |
| File Number: |
341
| Region: |
EAP |
| Sector: |
Health and other social services |
Country: |
Indonesia |
| FY approved: |
2007 |
Grant Theme : |
Social dev/gender/inclusion |
| Keyword(s): |
Conflict prevention;Livelihoods;Peace and reconciliation dialogue;Refugees and Internally Displaced Persons |
Approved Amount: |
$1,150,000.00 |
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Grant Recipient:
Bank-Executed |
Grant Purpose:
Primary objective:
• To use the case of Indonesia to establish and test response models and interventions for supporting violence-free development where the state is still functioning.
Secondary objectives:
• Support national and local government capacity for promoting peaceful development and transition, and leverage government funds for these purposes.
• Pilot conflict and recovery approaches that can be used to leverage broader donor support downstream.
• Use the experience of the Indonesian interventions, and analysis of conflict dynamics, to learn lessons for application in other middle-income post-conflict contexts.
It is expected that the activities will: contribute to enhanced peace-building and post-conflict development in Indonesia; will provide a basis for the mainstreaming of conflict sensitivity into the Bank’s operations and advisory work for the next Indonesian Country Assistance Strategy (CAS), and will generate frameworks and for application in other countries.
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Grant Activities:
Component 1: Supporting Government Peace-building and Leveraging Government Funds
Rather than simply fund peace-building activities, the program will provide support to sub-national governments to use their own people and budgets to “do” conflict and recovery more effectively in ways that help large swathes of poor populations. The program will support local governments by working collaboratively to develop tools and approaches that allow them to effectively recover after the onslaught of violence and to prevent new unrest. This will include:
(i) funding technical assistance in Papua to help the Governor manage special autonomy resources in ways that promote conflict-sensitive development;
(ii) development of a conflict monitoring and early warning system that can be adopted by local governments;
(iii) diagnostic work on how government can best utilize non-government elites (in the religious and political sphere) for peace-building;
(iv) analytical work on effective livelihoods strategies for former combatants;
(v) design work on how key Government programs like KDP and SPADA can be best used to promote peace-building and to distribute assistance to vulnerable groups such as conflict victims.
The program will be driven by government, with priority activities guided by an advisory group of provincial Governors. By working in a range of locations across Indonesia, the program will also support cross-learning between different sub-national governments and the development of response strategies informed by the experience of other locations.
Component 2: Leveraging Donor Funds to Support Peace-building and Recovery
The program will also fund a number of pilot operational activities that can be scaled-up through other sources of donor assistance. Many of these will adopt experimental approaches and all will be rigorously assessed to determine impacts and to understand causal processes leading to successful (or non-successful) outcomes. Planned work includes the trialing of different approaches for assisting the livelihoods of former combatants and for encouraging the return of displaced persons. Different approaches for supporting local social scientific research capacity on conflict and development issues will also be piloted. Evaluations of other post-conflict assistance programs, including conflict mediation training and different elements of the SPADA program, will also be conducted.
Funds for scaling-up this work, where effective, can come from other trust funds (including the DFID grant in support of SPADA) or additional funds can be sought (for example, from the Multi Donor Fund for Aceh).
Component 3: Building Global Knowledge and Developing Models and Frameworks
Indonesia provides an opportunity to develop models and frameworks for supporting democratic transitions and conflict management where localized but serious conflict is prevalent. Current and new interventions will be rigorously evaluated, where possible using double difference (before and after, control and treatment) methodologies. This includes evaluation of the large post-conflict response through the community-driven development (KDP) program, and of the impacts of the IDP and conflict mediation training programs. The PCF will also fund new action-focused analytical work on the role of elites in producing and mediating conflict and on processes of escalation and de-escalation of local conflict. Analysis of lessons learned, best practice, and evaluation results will be written up and disseminated widely. A framework for implementing conflict and post-conflict responses in other countries will be developed, as will be guidelines for building vulnerability into CDD and SIL project design and on conflict sensitivity.
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News:
A study commissioned by the Conflict and Development Program at the World Bank has demonstrated the how monitoring local newspapers can provide a fuller understanding of the dynamics of violent conflict in Indonesia. The study is implemented as part of a larger program which analyzes conflict in the archipelago and provides advice on interventions for supporting peacebuilding and post-conflict development in Indonesia and beyond.
Previous studies in Indonesia have examined conflict dynamics through the national and provincial press. The current review presents new, improved findings on violence in the country by looking at local newspapers and tracking the incidence of localized violent conflict.
Findings from the study suggest that the number of deaths resulting from local conflict in Indonesia is significantly higher than captured by previous analysis. The study, which was implemented in East Nusa Tenggara and East Java, two ‘medium-level’ provinces, identifies up to six times as many conflict deaths as previous estimates by the United Nations Support Facility for Indonesian Recovery/UNDP.
While it is unlikely that deaths are as under-reported in higher conflict areas, thet study does suggest that violent conflict incidence and impact in Indonesia are more profound than previously believed. Even in districts not officially considered conflict prone, the impact of violent conflict has been significant, and the number of resulting deaths is much higher than that revealed by previous sources.
The two most important sources of violence in Nusa Tenggara Timur and East Java are conflict over resources and vigilantism, respectively. The former primarily involves conflicts over land. The latter comprises retribution in response to theft, witchcraft, or humiliation, and violence stemming from clashes over group identity.
Unlike previous studies implemented in Indonesia, the report pays closer attention to a major form of violence highlighted by a number of conflict specialists worldwide – conflict between individuals. Findings suggest, however, that more research is needed to understand why violence affects individuals in some areas and whole groups in others. This necessitates considering local factors in designing policies and programs to prevent the different forms of conflict found in Indonesia.
To provide more insight on the dynamics of conflict in the country, the Conflict and Development Program is currently expanding the scope of its research, to cover twenty-one provinces comprising almost 90 percent of Indonesia’s population. To obtain more information on the Program and its findings, please visit http://www.conflictanddevelopment.org.
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